Human Rights Watch: The Taliban are not united, contrary to their claims

The report states that some Taliban officials have opposed the ban on girls' education, and humanitarian organizations have also been able to reach agreements with local officials in a number of provinces for access and the employment of women. Additionally, the implementation of regulations related to mahram and dress codes varies across different provinces and depends to some extent on the decisions of local officials.


Human Rights Watch says these differences do not mean the Taliban are moderate; but they could create an opportunity for changing the group's behavior. According to the report's authors, pursuing accountability, in addition to delivering justice for victims, could also affect the behavior of Taliban officials in the present time.


The organization has also referred to the establishment of an independent UN investigative mechanism for Afghanistan in October 2025 and the actions of the International Criminal Court regarding Hibatullah Akhundzada and Abdul Hakim Haqqani. Human Rights Watch has emphasized that local officials, police commanders, and Taliban judges must know that human rights violations can have consequences and that "following orders" does not absolve them of responsibility.


At the same time, Human Rights Watch has warned that focusing solely on the Taliban and ignoring the crimes of international forces and officials of the previous government could have negative consequences. The organization has called on governments to support international efforts for accountability and to preserve evidence of serious human rights violations for pursuing justice in the future.



Human Rights Watch has stated in a report that the Taliban, contrary to their claims, are not a fully cohesive group, and the rulings and policies of this group are not implemented uniformly across all regions of Afghanistan. The organization has emphasized that the Taliban leadership has established a harsh and authoritarian system; however, there are differences among the group's officials regarding the manner of implementing certain directives.

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